Illiteracy and a large quantity of citizens without birth certificates are hindering democracy in less developed countries like Madagascar. Candidates distributing free t-shirts and backed by the most popular singers are likely to win the popular vote.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Dzamandzar 2013

Registration of local population without birth certificate.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Dzamandzar 2013

Suppying non-registered persons with an identity card

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Dzamandzar 2013

Teenager with brand-new identity papers.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Hell-ville 2013

Interim-president Andry Rajoelina visiting Nosy Be to kick off his election campaign.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Hell-ville 2013

Supporters of interim-president Andry Rajoelina

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Hell-ville 2013

Sympathizers of candidate Roland Ratsiraka in freely distributed t-shirts.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Computer course at the headquarters of presidential candidate Camille Vital.

Madagascar, Diana, Antsiranana 2013

Breakdown campaigning for Camille Vital en brousse.

Madagascar, Diana, Ambija village 2013

Explaining illiterate villagers to fold the voting paper,

Madagascar, Diana, Ambija village 2013

Mobilisation of illiterate villagers to vote for candidate Camille Vital.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Tuktuk driver expressing enthousiasm for his favourite candidate Camille Vital.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Fans of presidential cabdidate Camille Vital greeting his arrival at Arrachart Airport by private plane.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Mass-meeting in support of Camille Vital at the Place de la Republique.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Presidential candidate Camille Vital surrounded by dancers.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Hell-ville 2013

Member of pollong station no. 256 explaining the ballot-paper to a registered voter.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Ambondrona 2013

Polling station no. 301, voting booth in local primary school.

Madagascar, Nosy Be, Ambondrona 2013

Polling station no. 301, transparant ballot box funded by the European Community.

Madagascar, Antsiranana 2013

Posters of newly elected president of Madagascar, M. Hery Raiaonarimampianina.